Java版推箱子（搬箱子）游戏开发入门示例及源码

推（搬）箱子，又名Sokoban，仓库番等，是一款堪称古玩级的电脑游戏。

提起它，笔者相信没什么人会感觉到陌生，更没什么生物会连听都没听说过。它的发展历史之久远，甚至超越了俄罗斯方块（1988年电脑游戏化）。

这款游戏最初起源于日本，是个很难争辩的事实（我知道有人反对，但笔者确实找不到什么有力的反对证据）。他由日本人（哎……）今川宏行在1981年创立游戏规则，并于1982年经日本软件公司Thinking Rabbit正式发布。比较遗憾的是，早期的推箱子并没有PC版，笔者在网络上搜索到的老版游戏也大多为90年以前的Mac OS下程式。

但说起真正令推箱子风靡于PC机的，却该感谢我们的台湾同胞李果兆先生。是他在1994年开发的仓库世家，才真正令推箱子游戏在世界各地大受推崇；仔细说来，推箱子这款小游戏之所以能有今时今日的声望与地位，固然有今川宏行的开创之功，但若说到贡献最大，承前启后的，则非中国台湾的李果兆先生莫属。

推箱子游戏的规则非常简单，就是用尽量少的推动或移动把所有箱子都推到目标点上。箱子只能推动而不能拉动；一次只能推动一个箱子。然而，尽管它的规则是很简单的，但对于不同难度的关卡，所需要的脑力却是截然不同的，有些关卡可能会花费您几个小时、几天甚至几个月的时间，也正是这种简单性和复杂性的结合，最终令推箱子类游戏风靡全球！

本回笔者在Blog中提供的，就是一款Java版推箱子游戏的简单实现。

笔者设定[上、下、左、右]为方向控制 ，[S]键为后退到上一步操作，[ESC]为重新开始当前关卡，点击键盘上对应关卡的数字键可以直接选关，需要注意的是笔者以HP限制了角色的移动次数，HP归0则挑战失败。

目前版本仅提供有5关，有需要者可参考同类游戏自行扩充，游戏源码在jar内。

下载地址1（由于google code维护，需要等此文发表的隔天才能开放下载）：http://code.google.com/p/loon-simple/downloads/list

下载地址2：http://download.csdn.net/source/1397545

游戏截图：

核心代码：

Sokoban.java

package org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.control;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.GraphicsUtils;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.LSystem;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.SimpleControl;
/**
 * Copyright 2008 - 2009
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 * 
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 * 
 * @project loonframework
 * @author chenpeng
 * @email <a title="" href="http://hi.baidu.com/ceponline" mce_href="http://hi.baidu.com/ceponline" target="_blank">ceponline</a>@yahoo.com.cn
 * @version 0.1
 */
public class Sokoban extends SimpleControl {
	/**
	 * 
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private Image backImage = GraphicsUtils.loadImage("image/back1.jpg");
	private Image screenImage;
	// 墙壁图
	private Image floorImage[];
	// 角色精灵
	private RpgSprite sprite;
	// 窗体显示图
	private Graphics screen;
	private String message = "按下 [Enter] 开始进行游戏";
	private String m_stageName[] = { "关卡1", "关卡2", "关卡3", "关卡4", "关卡5", "关卡6",
			"关卡7" };
	private int CS = 32;
	private int maxX, maxY, comps;
	private int stageNo;
	private boolean complete[];
	private boolean boxMove[][];
	private int hp[];
	private int stageStates[][][];
	private int ons[][];
	private int role[];
	private int rolex[];
	private int roley[];
	private int mapx[];
	private int mapy[];
	private int sleep = 0;
	private boolean succeed = false;
	private Stage stage;
	public Sokoban(Stage stage) {
		this.stage = stage;
		this.floorImage = new Image[4];
		this.sprite = new RpgSprite("image/role1.gif");
		this.maxX = 16;
		this.maxY = 13;
		this.comps = 0;
		this.complete = new boolean[stage.getMaxStageNo()];
		this.boxMove = new boolean[stage.getMaxStageNo()][1500];
		this.ons = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()][1500];
		this.hp = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()];
		this.stageStates = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()][maxY][maxX];
		this.role = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()];
		this.rolex = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()];
		this.roley = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()];
		this.mapx = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()];
		this.mapy = new int[stage.getMaxStageNo()];
		for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
			floorImage[j] = GraphicsUtils.loadImage("image/back" + (j + 1)
					+ ".gif");
		}
		this.screenImage = GraphicsUtils.createImage(CS * maxX + CS, CS
				* (maxY + 1) + 32, true);
		this.screen = screenImage.getGraphics();
		for (stageNo = 0; stageNo < stage.getMaxStageNo(); stageNo++) {
			this.setupStage();
		}
		this.stageNo = -1;
		// 开场界面
		this.openDraw();
	}
	/**
	 * 刷新关卡
	 * 
	 */
	public synchronized void reset(int stageNo) {
		this.stageNo = stageNo;
		this.stage.getMode()[stageNo] = 1;
		this.message = null;
		// 设定关卡
		this.setupStage();
		// 重绘背景
		this.background();
		// 重绘游戏屏幕
		this.drawScreen();
	}
	/**
	 * 绘制屏幕背景
	 * 
	 */
	public synchronized void background() {
		screen.drawImage(backImage, 0, 0, null);
		screen.setColor(Color.black);
		screen.fillRect(0, LSystem.HEIGHT - 40, LSystem.WIDTH, 40);
	}
	/**
	 * 绘制屏幕图像
	 * 
	 */
	public synchronized void drawScreen() {
		if (stageNo >= stage.getMaxStageNo()) {
			stageNo = 0;
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < mapy[stageNo]; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < mapx[stageNo];) {
				switch (stageStates[stageNo][i][j]) {
				case 2:
				case 3:
				case 4:
				case 5:
					screen.drawImage(floorImage[1], moveX(j), moveY(i), null);
				default:
					j++;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		for (int n = 0; n < mapy[stageNo]; n++) {
			for (int l = 0; l < mapx[stageNo]; l++)
				switch (stageStates[stageNo][n][l]) {
				case 1:
					screen.drawImage(floorImage[0], moveX(l), moveY(n), null);
					screen.setColor(new Color(32, 0, 0));
					screen.drawLine(moveX(l), moveY(n + 1), moveX(l) + CS - 1,
							moveY(n + 1));
					if (l == 0 || l > 0 && stageStates[stageNo][n][l - 1] != 1) {
						screen.setColor(new Color(160, 128, 96));
						screen.drawLine(moveX(l), moveY(n) + 1, moveX(l),
								moveY(n) + CS - 2);
					}
					if (l == mapx[stageNo] - 1 || l < mapx[stageNo] - 1
							&& stageStates[stageNo][n][l + 1] != 1) {
						screen.setColor(new Color(72, 64, 64));
						screen.drawLine(moveX(l) + CS - 1, moveY(n), moveX(l)
								+ CS - 1, moveY(n) + CS - 2);
					}
					break;
				case 2:
				case 3:
				case 4:
					switch (stageStates[stageNo][n][l]) {
					default:
						break;
					case 2:
					case 3:
						screen.drawImage(floorImage[3], moveX(l), moveY(n),
								null);
						break;
					case 4:
						break;
					}
					if (stageStates[stageNo][n][l] != 3)
						screen.drawImage(floorImage[2], moveX(l), moveY(n),
								null);
					break;
				default:
					break;
				}
		}
		// System.out.println(role[stageNo]);
		screen.drawImage(sprite.getOnlyMove(role[stageNo]),
				moveX(rolex[stageNo]), moveY(roley[stageNo]), null);
		if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo]] == 4) {
			screen.drawImage(floorImage[2], moveX(rolex[stageNo]),
					moveY(roley[stageNo]), null);
		}
		setupDisplay();
	}
	/**
	 * 定位到实际的X座标
	 * 
	 * @param i
	 * @return
	 */
	public int moveX(int i) {
		return (CS * ((maxX - mapx[stageNo]) + 1)) / 2 + CS * i;
	}
	/**
	 * 定位到实际的Y座标
	 * 
	 * @param i
	 * @return
	 */
	public int moveY(int i) {
		return (CS * ((maxY - mapy[stageNo]) + 1)) / 2 + CS * i;
	}
	/**
	 * 执行操作
	 * 
	 */
	public synchronized void execute() {
		boolean flag = true;
		for (int i = 0; i < mapy[stageNo]; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < mapx[stageNo]; j++) {
				if (stageStates[stageNo][i][j] == 4) {
					flag = false;
				}
			}
		}
		if (flag) {
			stage.getMode()[stageNo] = 3;
			complete[stageNo] = true;
		} else if (hp[stageNo] == 0) {
			stage.getMode()[stageNo] = 2;
		}
		comps = 0;
		for (int n = 0; n < stage.getMaxStageNo(); n++) {
			if (complete[n]) {
				comps++;
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 键盘事件处理
	 */
	public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
		if (e.getKeyCode() == 10 && stageNo == -1) {
			// 开始关卡1
			reset(0);
		} else if (stageNo < 0) {
			return;
		}
		// 选关（默认为最大支持7关，更多请自行设定）
		if (e.getKeyCode() == 97 || e.getKeyCode() == 49) {
			stageNo = 0;
		} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 98 || e.getKeyCode() == 50) {
			stageNo = 1;
		} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 99 || e.getKeyCode() == 51) {
			stageNo = 2;
		} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 100 || e.getKeyCode() == 52) {
			stageNo = 3;
		} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 101 || e.getKeyCode() == 53) {
			stageNo = 4;
		} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 102 || e.getKeyCode() == 54) {
			stageNo = 5;
		} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 103 || e.getKeyCode() == 55) {
			stageNo = 6;
			// ESC,重新开始
		} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 27) {
			reset(stageNo);
		} else if (stage.getMode()[stageNo] == 1) {
			// 退步
			if (e.getKeyCode() == 83) {
				nextStep(-1);
			}
			// 移动角色
			else if (e.getKeyCode() == 40) {
				nextStep(0);
			} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 37) {
				nextStep(1);
			} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 39) {
				nextStep(2);
			} else if (e.getKeyCode() == 38) {
				nextStep(3);
			} else {
				return;
			}
		} else {
			return;
		}
		// 绘制背景
		background();
		// 绘制游戏画面
		drawScreen();
	}
	/**
	 * 切换动作
	 * 
	 * @param i
	 */
	public synchronized void nextStep(final int i) {
		boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo] - 1] = false;
		switch (i) {
		case 0:
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] + 1][rolex[stageNo]] < 2) {
				return;
			}
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] + 1][rolex[stageNo]] < 4) {
				if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] + 2][rolex[stageNo]] < 4) {
					return;
				}
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] + 1][rolex[stageNo]] += 2;
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] + 2][rolex[stageNo]] -= 2;
				boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo] - 1] = true;
			}
			roley[stageNo]++;
			break;
		case 1:
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] - 1] < 2) {
				return;
			}
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] - 1] < 4) {
				if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] - 2] < 4) {
					return;
				}
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] - 1] += 2;
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] - 2] -= 2;
				boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo] - 1] = true;
			}
			rolex[stageNo]--;
			break;
		case 2:
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] + 1] < 2) {
				return;
			}
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] + 1] < 4) {
				if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] + 2] < 4) {
					return;
				}
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] + 1] += 2;
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] + 2] -= 2;
				boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo] - 1] = true;
			}
			rolex[stageNo]++;
			break;
		case 3:
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] - 1][rolex[stageNo]] < 2) {
				return;
			}
			if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] - 1][rolex[stageNo]] < 4) {
				if (stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] - 2][rolex[stageNo]] < 4) {
					return;
				}
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] - 1][rolex[stageNo]] += 2;
				stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] - 2][rolex[stageNo]] -= 2;
				boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo] - 1] = true;
			}
			roley[stageNo]--;
			break;
		default:
			if (hp[stageNo] == stage.getMaxHp()[stageNo]) {
				return;
			}
			switch (ons[stageNo][hp[stageNo]]) {
			case 0:
				if (boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo]]) {
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] + 1][rolex[stageNo]] += 2;
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo]] -= 2;
				}
				roley[stageNo]--;
				break;
			case 1:
				if (boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo]]) {
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] - 1] += 2;
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo]] -= 2;
				}
				rolex[stageNo]++;
				break;
			case 2:
				if (boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo]]) {
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo] + 1] += 2;
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo]] -= 2;
				}
				rolex[stageNo]--;
				break;
			default:
				if (boxMove[stageNo][hp[stageNo]]) {
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo] - 1][rolex[stageNo]] += 2;
					stageStates[stageNo][roley[stageNo]][rolex[stageNo]] -= 2;
				}
				roley[stageNo]++;
				break;
			}
			break;
		}
		if (i != -1) {
			hp[stageNo]--;
			ons[stageNo][hp[stageNo]] = i;
		}
		role[stageNo] = ons[stageNo][hp[stageNo]];
		if (i == -1) {
			hp[stageNo]++;
		}
		execute();
	}
	/**
	 * 开场画面
	 * 
	 */
	public synchronized void openDraw() {
		background();
		for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < maxX + 1; j++) {
				screen.drawImage(floorImage[0], CS * j,
						(CS * i + CS / 2 * maxY) - CS * 2, null);
			}
		}
		GraphicsUtils.setAntialias(screen, true);
		String mes = "怪蜀黍传说 - 勇者推魔王";
		screen.setFont(new Font("华文新魏", 1, 35));
		GraphicsUtils.drawStyleString(screen, mes, (CS * maxX - screen
				.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(mes)) / 2 + 13,
				(CS * maxY) / 2 + 25, Color.black, Color.orange);
		mes = "Java版搬箱子游戏开发入门示例 - 0.1.0";
		screen.setFont(new Font("华文新魏", 0, 30));
		GraphicsUtils.drawStyleString(screen, mes, (CS * maxX - screen
				.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(mes)) / 2 + 13,
				(CS * (maxY + 2)) / 2 - 55, Color.black, Color.white);
		GraphicsUtils.setAntialias(screen, false);
		setupDisplay();
	}
	/**
	 * 绘图接口实现
	 */
	public synchronized void draw(Graphics g) {
		g.drawImage(screenImage, 0, 0, null);
		if (succeed) {
			if (sleep == 100) {
				// 进入下一关
				reset(++stageNo);
				succeed = false;
				sleep = 0;
			}
			sleep++;
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 设置基本数据
	 * 
	 */
	public void setupStage() {
		for (int i = 0; i < maxY; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < maxX; j++) {
				stageStates[stageNo][i][j] = 0;
			}
		}
		mapx[stageNo] = stage.getConf()[stageNo][0];
		mapy[stageNo] = stage.getConf()[stageNo][1];
		rolex[stageNo] = stage.getConf()[stageNo][2];
		roley[stageNo] = stage.getConf()[stageNo][3];
		for (int n = 0; n < mapy[stageNo]; n++) {
			for (int l = 0; l < mapx[stageNo]; l++) {
				stageStates[stageNo][n][l] = stage.getMapData()[stageNo][n][l];
			}
		}
		hp[stageNo] = stage.getMaxHp()[stageNo];
		role[stageNo] = 0;
		for (int i1 = 0; i1 < stage.getMaxHp()[stageNo]; i1++) {
			ons[stageNo][i1] = 0;
		}
		for (int j1 = 0; j1 < stage.getMaxHp()[stageNo]; j1++) {
			boxMove[stageNo][j1] = false;
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 设置显示
	 * 
	 */
	public void setupDisplay() {
		if (message == null) {
			screen.setFont(new Font(LSystem.FONT, 0, 12));
			int size = 0;
			for (int j = 0; j < stage.getMaxStageNo(); j++) {
				if (complete[j]) {
					screen.setColor(Color.gray);
				} else {
					screen.setColor(Color.white);
				}
				if (j == stageNo) {
					if (complete[j]) {
						screen.setColor(Color.magenta);
					} else {
						screen.setColor(Color.cyan);
					}
				}
				screen.drawString(m_stageName[j], size = (10 + (screen
						.getFontMetrics().stringWidth("关卡0") + 20)
						* j), LSystem.HEIGHT - 50);
			}
			screen.setColor(Color.white);
			if (stageNo == -1) {
				// 初始画面，无数据
			} else {
				// 显示状态
				if (hp[stageNo] == 0) {
					screen.setColor(Color.red);
				} else if (hp[stageNo] <= stage.getMaxHp()[stageNo] / 4) {
					screen.setColor(Color.orange);
				} else if (hp[stageNo] <= stage.getMaxHp()[stageNo] / 2) {
					screen.setColor(Color.yellow);
				}
				screen.drawString("主角 HP " + hp[stageNo] + "/"
						+ stage.getMaxHp()[stageNo], size + 50,
						LSystem.HEIGHT - 50);
				switch (stage.getMode()[stageNo]) {
				// 生命耗尽
				case 2:
					screen.setFont(new Font(LSystem.FONT, 1, 30));
					screen.setColor(Color.red);
					GraphicsUtils.setAntialias(screen, true);
					screen.drawString("The End!",
							(CS * maxX - screen.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(
									"The End!")) / 2 + 14,
							((CS * (maxY + 1) + screen.getFontMetrics()
									.getAscent()) - screen.getFontMetrics()
									.getDescent()) / 2);
					GraphicsUtils.setAntialias(screen, false);
					break;
				// 胜利
				case 3:
					screen.setFont(new Font(LSystem.FONT, 2, 40));
					screen.setColor(Color.darkGray);
					GraphicsUtils.drawStyleString(screen, "Good job!", (CS
							* maxX - screen.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(
							"Good job!")) / 2 + 14, ((CS * (maxY + 1) + screen
							.getFontMetrics().getAscent()) - screen
							.getFontMetrics().getDescent()) / 2, Color.black,
							Color.white);
					// 胜利标记
					succeed = true;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		// 存在信息时
		else {
			screen.setFont(new Font(LSystem.FONT, 0, 12));
			int n = screen.getFontMetrics().stringWidth(message) + 16;
			int l = screen.getFontMetrics().getAscent()
					+ screen.getFontMetrics().getDescent() + 8;
			int i1 = (CS * (maxX + 1) - n) / 2;
			int j1 = (CS * maxY + 1) - l / 2;
			int k1 = i1 + 8;
			int l1 = CS
					* maxY
					+ 1
					+ (screen.getFontMetrics().getAscent() - screen
							.getFontMetrics().getDescent()) / 2;
			screen.setColor(Color.black);
			screen.fillRect(i1, j1, n, l);
			screen.setColor(Color.white);
			screen.drawString(message, k1, l1);
		}
	}
}

启动类：

Main.java

package org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.main;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.GameCursor;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.GameFrame;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.control.Sokoban;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.control.Stage;
import org.loon.game.simple.sokoban.control.Stage1;
/**
 * Copyright 2008 - 2009
 * 
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 * 
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 * 
 * @project loonframework
 * @author chenpeng
 * @email <a title="" href="http://hi.baidu.com/ceponline" mce_href="http://hi.baidu.com/ceponline" target="_blank">ceponline</a>@yahoo.com.cn
 * @version 0.1
 */
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				GameFrame frame = new GameFrame("Java版搬箱子游戏入门示例及源码-0.1.0", 540, 480);
				frame.setCursor(GameCursor.getCursor("image/cursor.png"));
				// 获得搬箱子关卡接口
				Stage stage = new Stage1();
				// 设定游戏控制器
				frame.getGame().setControl(new Sokoban(stage));
				// 游戏全屏
				// frame.updateFullScreen();
				// 是否显示fps
				frame.setFPS(true);
				// 允许的最大刷新率
				frame.setMaxFrames(60);
				frame.mainLoop();
				frame.showFrame();
			}
		});
	}
}

下载地址1（由于google code维护，需要等此文发表的隔天才能开放下载）：http://code.google.com/p/loon-simple/downloads/list

下载地址2：http://download.csdn.net/source/1397545